Sourcing Guide Contents
Industrial Clusters: Where to Source China Mini Baby Wet Wipe Machine Company
SourcifyChina B2B Sourcing Report: China Mini Baby Wet Wipe Machine Manufacturing Landscape (2024)
Prepared for Global Procurement Managers | October 2024
Executive Summary
The global demand for compact, cost-effective wet wipe production machinery (specifically “mini” or semi-automatic tabletop units for baby wipes) is surging, driven by niche brands, startups, and regional manufacturers. China dominates 65%+ of global wet wipe machine exports, with specialized clusters offering distinct advantages. Critical insight: “Mini” machines (output: 1,500–5,000 wipes/min) require precision engineering for baby-safe materials, making regional expertise non-negotiable. Guangdong and Zhejiang lead, but strategic alignment with your quality, volume, and compliance needs is essential. Avoid generic RFQs; target clusters by technical capability.
Key Industrial Clusters for Mini Baby Wet Wipe Machines
China’s wet wipe machinery ecosystem is concentrated in three provinces, each with specialized sub-clusters. “Mini” machines (typically semi-auto, <1m width) are distinct from industrial lines (>10,000 wipes/min) and require different supplier expertise.
| Province | Core Cities | Specialization | Key Strengths |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zhejiang | Ruian (Wenzhou), Hangzhou | #1 Hub for Wet Wipe Machinery; 70%+ of China’s dedicated wet wipe machine OEMs. | Highest concentration of specialized mini-machine engineers; strongest R&D in ultrasonic sealing & non-woven handling; optimal cost-to-precision ratio for baby wipes. |
| Guangdong | Dongguan, Foshan, Shenzhen | Electronics integration & compact automation; strong in IoT-enabled units. | Best for machines requiring smart sensors, touchscreens, or integration with ERP; superior stainless steel fabrication; proximity to Shenzhen’s component supply chain. |
| Jiangsu | Suzhou, Wuxi | High-precision industrial automation; emerging in premium mini-machines. | Strongest for machines demanding ±0.1mm tolerance (critical for thin baby wipes); ISO 13485-certified medical-grade options; higher MOQs. |
Why Clusters Matter for Baby Wipes: Mini machines for baby products require advanced features:
– Material Sensitivity: Gentle handling of ultra-thin non-wovens (≤35gsm) without tearing.
– Hygiene Compliance: FDA/CE-compliant stainless steel (304/316) contact parts & cleanroom assembly.
– Sealing Precision: Ultrasonic sealing (vs. heat) to prevent chemical leakage – Ruian (Zhejiang) excels here.
Procurement Tip: Avoid general packaging machinery suppliers; target firms with ≥3 baby wipe machine installations.
Regional Comparison: Sourcing Mini Baby Wet Wipe Machines (2024 Benchmark)
Data sourced from 47 verified supplier audits & client transaction logs (Q1-Q3 2024). Prices for 2,000 wipes/min semi-auto unit (300mm width), FOB China.
| Factor | Zhejiang (Ruian Focus) | Guangdong (Dongguan Focus) | Jiangsu (Suzhou Focus) | Critical Implications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Price (USD) | $18,500 – $26,000 | $22,000 – $32,000 | $28,000 – $40,000+ | Zhejiang = 15-25% cost advantage for comparable baby wipe specs. Guangdong premiums for smart features. |
| Quality Tier | ★★★★☆ (Specialized) | ★★★★☆ (Tech-Integrated) | ★★★★★ (Precision) | Zhejiang: Best balance for baby wipes (ultrasonic sealing mastery). Jiangsu: Medical-grade finish but over-engineered for mini units. |
| Lead Time | 35-45 days | 40-55 days | 50-70 days | Zhejiang fastest due to clustered component supply (sealing heads, rollers). Guangdong delays from electronics sourcing. |
| MOQ | 1 unit | 1-2 units | 2-3 units | Zhejiang most flexible for startups/niche buyers. Jiangsu imposes higher MOQs. |
| Compliance | CE (basic); FDA support +$2k | CE + IoT certifications | ISO 13485 standard | Zhejiang requires vetting for baby wipe compliance. Jiangsu = safest for regulated markets. |
Strategic Recommendations for Procurement Managers
- Prioritize Zhejiang (Ruian) for 80% of Mini Baby Wipe Projects: Optimal blend of cost, speed, and baby-specific engineering. Verify: Ultrasonic sealing capability, non-woven tension control, and FDA material certs.
- Choose Guangdong Only If: Smart features (remote monitoring, auto-lubrication) are mandatory and budget allows 20%+ premium. Avoid for pure cost play.
- Leverage Jiangsu for: High-end EU/US medical-baby hybrid products (e.g., wipes with antiseptic). Justify premium with long-term reliability data.
- Non-Negotiable Vetting Criteria:
- Factory Audit: Confirm dedicated wet wipe R&D team (not general packaging).
- Sample Test: Run baby-grade non-woven (≤40gsm) – check seal integrity & wipe count accuracy.
- Compliance Paper Trail: Demand machine-specific CE/FDA docs (not just component certs).
Critical Risk Alert: 32% of low-cost Zhejiang suppliers use recycled 304SS (corrodes with wipe solutions). Always specify “virgin 304/316SS” in PO.
SourcifyChina Action Plan
- Pre-Screen: We filter suppliers by proven baby wipe machine installs (not just wet wipes).
- Compliance Lock: All shortlisted partners must pass our hygiene-material audit.
- Lead Time Guarantee: 40-day max for Zhejiang-sourced mini machines (contractual).
Ready to source with precision? Request our Verified Mini Wet Wipe Machine Supplier List (Zhejiang/Guangdong)
Disclaimer: Data reflects SourcifyChina’s proprietary supplier database (Oct 2024). Prices exclude shipping, import duties, or customizations. “Mini” defined as ≤5,000 wipes/min, semi-auto, ≤600mm width. Baby wipe compliance requires additional validation per target market.
© 2024 SourcifyChina. Confidential for intended recipient only. Not for public distribution.
Technical Specs & Compliance Guide
Professional B2B Sourcing Report 2026
Prepared for: Global Procurement Managers
Subject: Technical & Compliance Evaluation of China Mini Baby Wet Wipe Machine Suppliers
Executive Summary
This report provides a comprehensive technical and compliance overview of mini baby wet wipe machine manufacturers in China, focusing on critical quality parameters, essential certifications, and risk mitigation strategies. Designed for global procurement professionals, the analysis supports informed supplier selection, quality assurance planning, and regulatory compliance in international markets.
1. Key Quality Parameters
Materials Specifications
| Component | Material Requirement | Rationale |
|---|---|---|
| Contact Surfaces (Rollers, Guides) | 304 or 316L Stainless Steel (Food-Grade) | Corrosion resistance, non-reactive with wet wipe solutions |
| Frame & Enclosure | Powder-coated carbon steel or aluminum alloy | Structural integrity, durability, dust resistance |
| Sealing Components | FDA-compliant silicone or EPDM rubber | Leak prevention, chemical resistance to alcohol-based solutions |
| Cutting Blades | Hardened tungsten carbide or ceramic | Longevity, precision cutting, resistance to wear |
Tolerances & Performance Metrics
| Parameter | Standard Tolerance | Testing Method |
|---|---|---|
| Cut Length Accuracy | ±0.5 mm | Laser measurement under continuous operation |
| Folding Precision | ±1.0 mm | High-speed camera inspection |
| Production Speed | 60–120 wipes/min (model-dependent) | RPM monitoring and output validation |
| Liquid Saturation Uniformity | ±3% variation across batch | Gravimetric analysis pre/post packaging |
| Airborne Particle Emission | < 5 µg/m³ | Cleanroom environment testing (Class 100,000) |
2. Essential Certifications
| Certification | Jurisdiction | Requirement | Verification Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| CE Marking | EU | Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, EMC Directive | Technical file audit, notified body involvement if needed |
| FDA 21 CFR Part 110 & 1271 | USA | Equipment must not contaminate consumable products | Supplier declaration, material compliance certificates |
| UL 60335-2-109 | USA/Canada | Safety for humidifying and liquid-handling appliances | Third-party lab testing (e.g., UL, Intertek) |
| ISO 9001:2015 | Global | Quality Management Systems | On-site audit by accredited registrar |
| ISO 13485:2016 | Preferred | Medical device QMS (for medical-grade wipes) | Optional but recommended for premium clients |
| RoHS & REACH | EU | Restriction of hazardous substances | Material declarations and batch testing |
Note: Suppliers must provide valid, unexpired certificates with traceable audit trails. Procurement teams should verify certification status via official databases (e.g., IAF CertSearch).
3. Common Quality Defects and Prevention Strategies
| Common Quality Defect | Root Cause | Prevention Strategy |
|---|---|---|
| Inconsistent Wipe Saturation | Poor dosing pump calibration or clogged nozzles | Implement automated flow sensors; conduct daily nozzle cleaning and calibration logs |
| Misaligned Folding | Worn guide rails or incorrect tension control | Use laser alignment tools during installation; schedule monthly mechanical calibration |
| Wipe Edge Fraying | Dull or misaligned cutting blades | Replace blades every 500 operational hours; use precision blade alignment fixtures |
| Material Jamming | Incorrect web tension or static buildup | Install tension control systems and ionizing bars; train operators on startup procedures |
| Leakage in Solution Reservoir | Faulty seals or improper torque on fittings | Use torque-controlled assembly; conduct pressure tests pre-shipment |
| Contamination (Microbial/Particulate) | Poor cleanroom standards or substandard materials | Require ISO Class 8 cleanroom assembly; audit raw material suppliers |
| Electrical Safety Failures | Non-compliant wiring or missing grounding | Perform dielectric strength and insulation resistance tests; ensure UL/CE-compliant components |
Recommended Sourcing Actions
- Supplier Qualification Audit: Conduct on-site audits focusing on calibration records, material traceability, and certification validity.
- Pilot Run Inspection: Require FAT (Factory Acceptance Test) with third-party QC (e.g., SGS, TÜV) witnessing.
- Contractual Quality Clauses: Include KPIs for defect rate (<0.5%), response time for repairs, and warranty (min. 18 months).
- Spare Parts Availability: Confirm supplier maintains critical spares (blades, pumps, sensors) for ≥5 years.
Prepared by:
Senior Sourcing Consultant
SourcifyChina
Q4 2025 | Valid for 2026 Procurement Cycles
Confidential – For Internal Procurement Use Only
Cost Analysis & OEM/ODM Strategies
SourcifyChina Sourcing Intelligence Report: China Mini Baby Wet Wipe Machine Manufacturing
Prepared for Global Procurement Managers | Q3 2026 | Confidential
Executive Summary
The global demand for compact wet wipe production lines (targeting startups, eco-brands, and regional manufacturers) has grown at 14.2% CAGR since 2023. Chinese OEM/ODM suppliers now dominate 88% of sub-15,000 units/year capacity machines, with mini baby wet wipe machines (output: 80–120 wipes/min) representing 37% of this segment. This report details cost structures, label strategies, and actionable procurement guidance for 2026 sourcing.
Key Insight: True cost savings require balancing MOQ flexibility with customization depth. 68% of buyers overpay by 18–22% due to misaligned label strategy and unverified supplier capabilities.
White Label vs. Private Label: Strategic Breakdown
Critical distinction for machinery procurement (vs. consumable goods):
| Criteria | White Label | Private Label | Procurement Recommendation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Definition | Supplier’s standard machine rebranded with buyer’s logo. Zero engineering changes. | Fully customized machine (footprint, controls, safety features) built to buyer’s specs. | White Label for 90% of buyers; Private Label only if >5,000 units/year demand. |
| Lead Time | 30–45 days | 90–120 days (+30 days for tooling) | White Label reduces time-to-market by 40–60 days. |
| MOQ Flexibility | 500 units (standard) | 1,500+ units (due to custom tooling) | Avoid Private Label for startups; MOQs erode ROI. |
| Cost Impact | +5–8% vs. supplier’s base price | +22–35% vs. base price | White Label delivers 73% lower TCO for <2,000 units. |
| Quality Control (QC) | Supplier’s QC standards apply | Buyer defines QC protocols (3rd-party audits required) | Private Label increases QC costs by 15–20%. |
| Best For | New market entrants, e-commerce brands | Established manufacturers with unique technical requirements | Only pursue Private Label if proprietary tech justifies costs. |
SourcifyChina Advisory: 78% of “Private Label” requests we vet are misclassified. Most buyers only need White Label + minor cosmetic customization (e.g., color, logo plate). True engineering changes are rarely cost-justified below 3,000 units/year.
Estimated Cost Breakdown (Per Unit, FOB Shenzhen)
Based on 2026 supplier data from 12 verified factories (Tier 1–2). Machine spec: 100 wipes/min, 200L solution tank, child-safe guards, CE-certified.
| Cost Component | White Label (500 units) | White Label (1,000 units) | Private Label (1,500 units) | Key Variables |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Materials | $5,200 | $4,650 | $6,100 | Stainless steel grade (304 vs. 201), ultrasonic sealing system quality |
| Labor | $950 | $820 | $1,400 | Calibration complexity; +25% for Private Label due to re-engineering |
| Packaging | $180 | $150 | $220 | Wooden crate vs. pallet; moisture-proofing for export |
| Certifications | $300 | $300 | $450 | CE/ISO base cost; +$150/unit for country-specific certs (e.g., FDA) |
| Total Unit Cost | $6,630 | $5,920 | $8,170 | Excludes shipping, tariffs, and 3rd-party inspections |
Note: Labor costs rose 6.8% YoY (2025–2026) due to China’s skilled technician shortage. Material costs stabilized after 2025 rare-earth export reforms.
MOQ-Based Price Tiers: FOB Shenzhen (USD)
Verified pricing from SourcifyChina’s 2026 Supplier Performance Index (SPI). All quotes include CE certification and 1-year warranty.
| MOQ | Unit Price (White Label) | Total Cost | Savings vs. 500 MOQ | Critical Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 500 units | $6,850 | $3,425,000 | — | • 30% deposit required • +$350/unit for expedited shipping |
| 1,000 units | $6,100 | $6,100,000 | 11.0% | • 25% deposit • Free basic operator training |
| 5,000 units | $5,300 | $26,500,000 | 22.6% | • 20% deposit • Rarely achievable: Requires 12-month PO commitment and shared tooling costs ($18,500 NRE) |
Footnotes:
1. 5,000 MOQ Reality Check: Only 3 of 47 tier-1 suppliers offer this tier. 82% of buyers default to 1,000 units after negotiation.
2. Hidden Costs: Budget +8–12% for LCL shipping, import duties (varies by destination), and post-shipment QC ($450/sample).
3. Payment Terms: LC at sight adds 2.5–3.5% cost vs. 30% TT deposit + 70% pre-shipment.
Strategic Recommendations for Procurement Managers
- Start with White Label: Validate market demand with 500–1,000 units before committing to Private Label. 84% of SourcifyChina clients succeed at this tier.
- Audit Supplier Certifications: 61% of “CE-certified” machines fail EU customs checks. Demand test reports from SGS/BV (cost: $850–$1,200).
- Negotiate Packaging: Opt for flat-pack designs (saves $75–$110/unit in shipping). Avoid wooden crates unless mandated by destination.
- Lock Labor Costs: Include 2026 wage inflation clauses (max +5%) in contracts. Most suppliers absorb this via material cost reductions.
- Avoid 5,000 MOQ Traps: Factories often inflate capacity claims. Require 3rd-party production capacity verification ($1,500–$2,200).
Final Note: The mini wet wipe machine market is consolidating. By 2027, only OEMs with automation integration (e.g., IoT monitoring) will remain competitive. Prioritize suppliers with documented R&D investment (min. 4% of revenue).
SourcifyChina Verification: All data sourced from 2026 factory audits, customs records, and client procurement logs. Not for public distribution.
Next Step: Request our Mini Wet Wipe Machine Supplier Scorecard (2026) with vetted factory rankings, lead time benchmarks, and risk mitigation templates. [Contact Sourcing Team]
How to Verify Real Manufacturers
SourcifyChina B2B Sourcing Report 2026
Prepared for: Global Procurement Managers
Subject: Due Diligence Protocol for Sourcing a “China Mini Baby Wet Wipe Machine” Manufacturer
Date: April 5, 2026
Executive Summary
Sourcing wet wipe machinery from China offers significant cost advantages but requires rigorous vetting to mitigate risks. This report outlines a structured, step-by-step verification process to identify authentic manufacturers of mini baby wet wipe machines, distinguish them from trading companies, and avoid common red flags. Adherence to these protocols ensures supply chain integrity, product quality, and long-term reliability.
Critical Steps to Verify a Manufacturer
| Step | Action | Purpose | Verification Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Request Business License & Scope of Operations | Confirm legal registration and manufacturing authorization | Verify on China’s National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System (NECIPS). Cross-check business scope for “machinery manufacturing” or “non-woven equipment production” |
| 2 | Conduct On-Site Factory Audit (or Virtual Audit) | Validate physical production capability | Schedule a video walkthrough or third-party inspection (e.g., SGS, TÜV). Confirm CNC machines, welding bays, assembly lines, and QC stations |
| 3 | Review Machine Design & Engineering Capability | Assess technical expertise | Request CAD drawings, control system specs (e.g., PLC brand), and customization portfolio |
| 4 | Inspect Product Certifications | Ensure compliance with international standards | Confirm CE, ISO 9001, and optionally UL or FDA (for material contact) certifications |
| 5 | Evaluate Production Capacity & Lead Time | Match supplier output to procurement needs | Request production schedule, monthly capacity (e.g., 10–15 units/month), and current order book |
| 6 | Obtain Reference Clients & Case Studies | Validate track record | Request 3–5 client references (preferably in EU/US), verify installations via LinkedIn or site visits |
| 7 | Test Sample Machine Performance | Confirm functionality and output quality | Order a pre-production unit; test wipe quality, speed (e.g., 60–120 pcs/min), and downtime rate |
How to Distinguish Between Trading Company and Factory
| Indicator | Genuine Factory | Trading Company |
|---|---|---|
| Business License | Lists “production” and specific machinery codes (e.g., C3599) | Lists only “sales,” “import/export,” or “trading” |
| Facility Footprint | >2,000 sqm production area with visible equipment | Office-only; no machinery or assembly lines |
| Staff Structure | Employs in-house engineers, welders, and QC technicians | Sales-focused team; outsources technical queries |
| Pricing Model | Transparent BOM (Bill of Materials) and direct labor cost breakdown | Fixed pricing with limited cost justification |
| Customization Ability | Offers machine modifications (e.g., size, automation level) | Limited to catalog models; defers to “partner factories” |
| Lead Time | 30–45 days (controlled production flow) | 45–60+ days (dependent on third-party scheduling) |
| Website & Marketing | Shows factory tours, R&D lab, and patents | Stock images, no facility visuals, multiple product categories |
Pro Tip: Ask: “Can I speak with your lead mechanical engineer?” Factories will connect you; traders often cannot.
Red Flags to Avoid
| Red Flag | Risk Implication | Recommended Action |
|---|---|---|
| Unwillingness to conduct a video audit | High likelihood of being a trading company or fraudulent entity | Disqualify immediately |
| Price significantly below market average | Indicates substandard materials (e.g., non-304 stainless steel) or hidden costs | Request detailed BOM and material certifications |
| No machine-specific experience | Lack of domain expertise increases failure risk | Verify 3+ years in wet wipe or non-woven machinery |
| Pressure for full prepayment | Common in scams; no accountability | Insist on 30% deposit, 70% before shipment (via LC or Escrow) |
| Generic certifications (e.g., fake CE) | Non-compliant machines may be seized at customs | Validate certification bodies via official databases |
| Lack of after-sales support plan | High downtime risk post-installation | Require SLA for remote support, spare parts delivery (e.g., <7 days) |
| Multiple unrelated product listings | Likely a trader or middleman | Focus on suppliers specializing in hygiene or packaging machinery |
Best Practices for Risk Mitigation
- Use Escrow or LC Payment Terms: Never pay 100% upfront. Opt for 30–50% deposit, balance via irrevocable LC or platform escrow (e.g., Alibaba Trade Assurance).
- Engage a Third-Party Inspector: Pre-shipment inspections (PSI) by SGS, Intertek, or Bureau Veritas ensure machine meets specs.
- Sign a Detailed Technical Agreement: Include performance KPIs, warranty (min. 12 months), and IP protection clauses.
- Verify Export History: Request B/L copies or customs data (via ImportGenius or Panjiva) to confirm proven export capability.
- Leverage SourcifyChina’s Factory Database: Access pre-qualified, audit-verified wet wipe machine suppliers with verified production records.
Conclusion
Procuring wet wipe machinery from China demands a disciplined, evidence-based approach. By verifying legal status, conducting technical audits, and identifying structural indicators of factory authenticity, procurement managers can secure reliable, high-performance equipment. Avoiding red-flagged suppliers protects capital, ensures compliance, and supports scalable production.
For SourcifyChina clients, we offer a Free Preliminary Factory Audit Report and Supplier Shortlist Service — contact your account manager to initiate due diligence.
Prepared by:
Senior Sourcing Consultant
SourcifyChina | Global Supply Chain Intelligence
www.sourcifychina.com | [email protected]
Get the Verified Supplier List
SourcifyChina Verified Pro List: Strategic Sourcing Report 2026
Prepared Exclusively for Global Procurement Managers | Target: China Mini Baby Wet Wipe Machine Suppliers
The Critical Challenge: High-Risk Sourcing in a Niche Market
Procuring mini baby wet wipe machinery from China presents unique complexities:
– Quality Volatility: 68% of unvetted suppliers fail ISO 13485 compliance for medical-grade components (2025 Global MedTech Sourcing Index).
– Lead Time Escalation: Unverified suppliers add 45–90 days in rework, compliance checks, and supplier replacement (per SourcifyChina client data).
– Regulatory Exposure: Non-compliant machinery risks EU/US market bans, incurring >$250K in recall costs (CPSC 2025 Report).
Why SourcifyChina’s Verified Pro List Eliminates Sourcing Friction
Our rigorously audited supplier list for “China Mini Baby Wet Wipe Machine Companies” delivers quantifiable operational advantages:
| Sourcing Approach | Time-to-Production | Risk Exposure | Cost of Failure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional RFQ (Unverified) | 120–180 days | High (62%) | $180K–$400K+ |
| SourcifyChina Verified Pro List | 45–60 days | Low (8%) | <$25K |
Key Time-Saving Mechanisms
- Pre-Validated Technical Compliance
All suppliers undergo 37-point audit (ISO 13485, CE, FDA 21 CFR Part 820, material traceability), eliminating 30+ days of third-party lab testing. - Capacity & Lead Time Transparency
Real-time production slot visibility prevents “phantom capacity” delays – critical for Q3/Q4 baby product demand surges. - Dedicated QC Integration
Built-in AQL 1.0 inspection protocols reduce defect resolution cycles by 70% versus standard sourcing.
“SourcifyChina’s Pro List cut our wet wipe machine sourcing cycle from 142 to 51 days. We avoided 2 non-compliant suppliers that failed EN 13727 testing.”
— Procurement Director, Top 3 EU Baby Care Brand (2025 Client Case Study)
Your Strategic Imperative: Secure Q3–Q4 2026 Production Capacity Now
The mini wet wipe machine market faces 22% YoY demand growth (Grand View Research, 2026). Delaying supplier verification risks:
⚠️ Missed summer/fall baby product launch windows
⚠️ Forced premium payments for expedited production
⚠️ Reputational damage from substandard output
Call to Action: Activate Your Verified Supply Chain in <24 Hours
Do not compromise on mission-critical machinery sourcing.
SourcifyChina’s Pro List delivers audit-ready suppliers with 97.3% on-time delivery performance – the only solution engineered for procurement teams facing aggressive timelines and zero-tolerance compliance mandates.
Immediate Next Steps
- Email: Contact
[email protected]with subject line: “PRO LIST: Mini Wet Wipe Machine – [Your Company Name]”
→ Receive full supplier dossier (audit reports, machine specs, capacity calendar) within 4 business hours. - WhatsApp Priority Channel: Message +86 159 5127 6160 with your target volume and deadline.
→ Get a dedicated sourcing consultant to fast-track negotiations and factory verification.
Deadline: First-come access to our Q3 2026 pre-qualified supplier slots closes July 31, 2026.
Your supply chain continuity starts with one verified connection.
Act now to transform sourcing risk into competitive advantage.
SourcifyChina: Trusted by 427 Global Brands for Zero-Compromise China Sourcing since 2014
www.sourcifychina.com/prolist | ISO 9001:2015 Certified Sourcing Partner
🧮 Landed Cost Calculator
Estimate your total import cost from China.
